According to Japanese mythology, Ryūjin occupied a palace known as Ryūgū-jō under the sea. · Originated from Shinto, Japan’s traditional religion. Turkic mythology refers to myths and legends told by the Turkic people. In Chinese culture, nine is the sacred number of the emperor. dragon, in the mythologies, legends, and folktales of various cultures, a large lizard- or serpent-like creature, conceived in some traditions as evil and in others as beneficent. Here are some examples of how the number 3 is used in Japanese dragon mythology: There are three types of dragons in Japanese mythology: the heaven dragon that represents good fortune, the spiritual dragon that is the guardian of Buddhist teachings, and the earthly dragon that controls the world’s waters. The spiritual energy of the dragon is a significant concept in ancient wisdom and mythology. They often have the ability to change shape and appear as different things. She was believed to be the daughter of a landlord known as Shoji. Bailong means “white dragon”. Dragons are among Chinese culture’s most common mythological creatures, and people have long cherished them as potent symbols of strength and fortune. The red color represents luck and good fortune, while the black stands for. 3. Mythology of Chinese Dragons. In many cultures, the lizard is a symbol of regeneration. ”. People believe it heralds rain, essential for agricultural abundance and a prosperous nation. Learn the role of dragons in Chinese legends and mythology and the meanings behind dragon symbolism. The dragon’s association with water symbolizes abundance and wealth, making it a famous emblem in business and trade. Chalkydri ( Jewish ) – heavenly creatures of the Sun. Longmu, goddess of the Xijiang River in the Lingnan area. He claims that this is why dragon myths are so widespread and persistent across cultures and time periods. In ancient Chinese mythology, we encounter five enormous dragon kings who were rainmakers and rulers of the waters. 50 for a total bet of between 0. Sea monsters and creatures: Calypso, Kraken, Lusca, Jonah, etc - all Caribbean sea monsters are listed here. Playing Lucky Dragons is quite straightforward - just click the plus and minus buttons to open the bet menu and change the bet value. Kappa. Dragons are wonderful figures to have in the home. Dragon colors have meaning in Chinese mythology. Any baby would be lucky to have this name. Gangcheori. The significance of Chinese dragons: Dragons in Chinese culture symbolize power, good luck, and influence over the weather, and their presence in art, architecture, and folklore reflects their cultural importance. This is a dragon that mostly exists in the mythology of riverine communities in China. Many people give dragon fruit as gifts during special occasions or holidays. It has a minimalist interface designed to l. According to legend, dragons have scales like fish and can fly, transform, and control the weather. Gallery. 'Heavenly Dog') is a legendary creature from China. As Chinese people believe dragon born has the gift of courage. The dragon is an animal from ancient Chinese mythology and is considered one of the symbols of the Chinese nation. Remember, in both modern and ancient myth, Dragons are closely tied to the elements. ; Apophis - to slither in Greek. The harp – the story behind our national symbol. The dragon robe, a traditional garment worn by Chinese emperors, also features intricate dragon embroidery to represent the emperor’s authority. In German mythology, the hot female Sun and cold male Moon were married. In feng shui, money frogs are placed in. Daybursun: “ Founder Of The Daylight”. By using the dragon in modern history as a symbol, it perpetuates the likelihood of more dragon myths being created. Other symbols such as the Laughing Buddha and the Lucky Cat are evolutions of culture that have also come to represent good luck and good fortune. The dragon is an important part of the Chinese New Year. In both Japanese and Chinese mythology, the dragon is associated closely with the watery realm and the dragon kings are said to rule over the seas. In spiritual realms, the dragon is known to represent transformation, wisdom and knowledge. In Celtic mythology and folklore, lizards and other reptiles are sometimes used as adversaries in stories. But Cat overslept because Rat had slipped something into his tea the night before. Nevertheless, some European peoples saw the dragon as a symbol of independence, sovereignty, and power. In fact, some of the most famous dragons of Chinese myth include the “Four Dragon Kings. Aquila. One legend suggests that the lights were reflections or glow from the shields and armour of the Valkyrie, female warriors who would choose who may die in battle and who may live to fight another day. That is why even today, after thousands of years of passing down myths and traditions, the Dragon is still incorporated in their everyday life, celebrations and even businesses of the Chinese people. the most important myth in the Rig Veda, the myth of Indra,. Heroes-vs. European Dragon Mythology. Watatsumi, or Ryujin, was a legendary water god and Japanese dragon in the world of Japanese mythology. P'eng-niao is a semi-dragon bird. Hence, it is also the symbolization of hope, life, and vitality. The colorful Japanese dragon, part of their cultural mythology for hundreds. Su Ana – Goddess of water. It is recommended for use either at home or office. Chinese Dragons. For centuries, they have been symbols of luck, wisdom, longevity, and strength. While in the West dragons are depicted as evil, in China they are seen friendly and the bringers of good luck. In ancient times, the Jade Emperor ruled over the earth. The animal inhabited lakes, caves, and rivers and defeated hundreds of warriors who intended to kill it. According to Jones, the dragon archetype is embedded in the human subconscious and emerges in dreams and fantasies. It is a symbol of power, strength, and good luck, and is often associated with the emperor and the imperial family. White dragons represent purity, wisdom, and enlightenment in Chinese culture. 5. In Europe, these formidable Beings symbolize the ability to rise above circumstances and to have a lucid vision of things. Unlike the Chinese dragons which are considered as a symbol of good luck, a dragon in western mythology is considered an evil entity. He groaned under the weight and attempted to get rid of it by rolling around. The qilin or Chinese unicorn is a mythical beast that symbolizes good luck and prosperity. Dragons are depicted in various forms across the globe, from creatures with lithe serpentine bodies to winged fire-breathing beasts. A pair of early 20th-century female ere ibeji twin figures (Children’s Museum of Indianapolis). Luck. Pixiu (Chinese: 貔貅; pinyin: píxiū; Wade–Giles: pʻi 2-hsiu 1; 貔貅, OC: * bi qʰu) is a Chinese mythical hybrid creature. The Green Dragon: New life and nature. African dragons This section needs expansion. Draugen is the ghost of a man who died at sea. In Chinese mythology, dragons are believed to be able to create clouds with their breath, volcanoes are said to. R. Falkor's wise and most famous line of the movie. This dragon sleeps throughout the whole year, only to wake on Saint George's Day, where its faceted. The snapdragon, botanically known as Antirrhinum, symbolizes grace and strength. In Philippine mythology, Bakunawa is a great sea dragon who has a mouth the size of a lake, a red tongue, gills, and two sets of wings. Dragons in Chinese Mythology. Baigeng means “white neck”. We find the Firebird in tales like “Tsarevitch Ivan, the Firebird and the Grey Wolf” and “The Firebird and Princess Vasilisa”. Find out what are the myths, facts, legends, and spiritual meaning of the dragonfly. Frogs are symbolic of abundance, wealth, friendship, and fertility. The shamrock – St. It is always depicted as an ascending creature since an ascending dragon is considered a sign of good luck in Eastern culture. Pixiu is a auspicious, winged creature, written about in Chinese ancient mythology. As per Chinese mythology, dragons are associated with water and they are considered to be bringers of rain for agriculture. In Chinese mythology, the dragon are usually perceived as signs of good luck, and ancient emperors would often claim connections to these almost holy creatures. It is a revered symbol of strength, luck, and. An oni ( 鬼 おに) ( / oʊni / OH-nee) is a kind of yōkai, demon, orc, ogre, or troll in Japanese folklore. [3] : 124 The Chinese character for fish is yu ( traditional Chinese: 魚; simplified Chinese: 鱼; pinyin: yú ). In both, it is described as an eight-headed dragon with eight tails, as long as eight valleys and eight hills (eight is a significant number in Shintoism, usually affiliated with luck or prosperity). Possibly the most ubiquitous of all Chinese mythological creatures, the dragon has long been a revered symbol of power and luck. People will also decorate their homes with red dragons to draw good luck during many celebrations and festivals. It is the opposite of Western people’s imagination because they consider the dragon a monster and sinister character. Iravati is a daughter of Kadru and Kasyapa. Its upright growing habit and harsh native habitat contribute to this. Some myths say that the Marine turtle still lives in the Bohai Sea carrying Penglai, Fangzhang andf Yingzhou islands on his back. The traditional image of the Chinese dragon appeared during the Shang (1766 to 1122 BC) and Zhou (1046 BC –. The Dragon is the “Yang” while the Phoenix is the “Yin“, a perfect balance necessary for a successful married life. In some cultures, dragons are seen as powerful and wise, while in other cultures they are viewed as dangerous creatures with superstitious powers. Apep, the dragon-like giant serpent, was the. “eagle”. Interestingly, when a dragonfly is in flight, there is a phase difference in the front and hind wings. It’s also believed that the air dragon brings insight and clarity to one’s thought and imagination. Lamia – Greece. The Aquila is one of the most famous military symbols, not only in ancient Rome, but in the world today. Cyclops. luck dragon (plural luck dragons) A fictitious flying dragon with a giant, elongated, wingless body and commonly a canine head, unfailing in its serendipity . ”. In Chinese culture, the dragon is a positive symbol and Chinese mythology generally portrays them as benevolent and kind creatures. The Japanese dragon, also known as ryū (龍) or tatsu (竜), is a legendary Japanese creature. EASTERN DRAGONS. The African mythology has dragons that differ from the European and the Asian. 01 and 0. These dragons often exhibit control over elements, especially water. 9. Czary:. Four of them were stationed at the cardinal points and ruled the seas. Source: baodantoc. Ryūjin (海神) : The God of the Sea. Dragons are the most important mythological creature in Chinese mythology. How to play Lucky Dragons slots. The Chinese dragon is a symbol of power, strength, and good luck in Chinese culture. In China, the dragon ensured the road towards immortality guaranteed by soma, the divine drink of the gods. In medieval symbolism, dragons symbolized apostasy, betrayal, perfidy, anger, and envy. The colour red also depicts the dragons used in dragon dancing. Luck – Some people also believe that dragons symbolize fortune and luck. In Christianity, a dragon is a symbol of the enemy of God. - The dragon means protectionand luck. The River Blackwater in Langford, Maldon Essex is teeming with both. Chinese Dragon (Lung) Considered a symbol of the Chinese people, the Chinese dragon is a friendly mythical creature that also symbolizes great power, good luck, and strength. It has one horn, which – like many unicorn horns – was thought to have curative properties. Gallery. • Feng Shui dragons are symbols of love and power and can exude a lot of positive energy. The dragon is the fifth animal in the Chinese zodiac. Crow: Because crows are also black and because both crows and black cats have a history of being witches' familiars. The Tianlong is believed to be a bringer of good luck and fortune, and it is often seen as a symbol of. The dragon, a creature of myth and legend, is universally recognized as a symbol of power, wisdom, and majesty. as they are supposed to bring good luck and safety. Franklin's wisdom, the light is still seen today as a sign of good luck or fortune, escpecially when it appears near then en of a tempest. This makes the two mythical creatures one of the most powerful good luck charms for attracting marital luck. Most Thai folklore has a regional background for it originated in rural Thailand. Like the Chinese dragon, the squirrel must be frightened away by the clamor and yells of the event's human witnesses. Dragonfly meaning and symbolism include opportunity, transformation, spontaneity, spiritual growth, ancient wisdom, and other special qualities. . Chinese Dragon Pearl Myth Part #1: “The Mother and the Son”. As a twin myself, it’s time to separate fact from fiction. Jormungand (Old Norse myth) indicating 'Yggdrasil a giant tree'. In medieval Europe, dragons were usually depicted with wings and a barbed tail and as breathing fire. The History of Chinese Dragons in Chinese Mythology and Folklore. Alongside the phoenix and qilin, dragons are regarded as auspicious creatures, often. Myths serve to explain the origin of the world, how various aspects of. While the above two are the commonly known and popular dragons in Japanese mythology, there are more which include: Sui Riu: A rain dragon and when in pain can cause red-colored rain which signifies its blood. It is believed that eating this exotic fruit can bring good luck and fortune. Ralishaz's symbol is three, bone fate-casting sticks. They didn’t known they were fossils, but they liked them because the dragon is a sign of good luck. Cultural depictions of salamanders. Categorising the creatures into a number of general groups by their form, nature and attitude towards humans, the map reveals both enormous variety across Europe and broad. This powerful deity commands the tides and controls the seas, wielding immense. The importance of dragons in China. However, Chinese dragons live. Dragons may be in different colors, but there are five primary colors: Red, green, black, blue, and yellow. 2. A white dragon on a wall in Haikou, Hainan, China. Learn facts about dragons, including dragons in mythology, with this handy wiki. For example, the red dragon is a symbol of luck. In the original “Game of Thrones” show and in the “Song. These dragons are typically up to 30 metres long; apparently, the longer the dragon, the more luck it will bring. African dragons This section needs expansion. The images of dragons in your home and office attract the powerful chi. The eye became swollen and granted him the power of death. The main idea of the Hungarian dragon is one that lived in underground caves in the forest. Dragons are the most important mythological. Anlong means “shore dragon”. Unlike Western dragons, Chinese dragons are seen as benevolent. A fictitious flying dragon with a giant, elongated, wingless body and commonly a canine head, unfailing in its serendipity . This allows the wing to be moved individually. The color yellow is also associated with the emperor and royalty. It has shrines and temples dedicated to this purpose. Lu Dongbin,. A host of legendary creatures, animals, and mythic humanoids occur in ancient Greek mythology. 25. The feng shui dragon is an impressive force. Unlike European dragons, a lot of the dragons featured in mythology across Africa resemble snakes. • Feng Shui Dragon can bring strength, luck and good fortune. The 4 Dragon Kings are: Ao Guang 敖廣 – The Dragon King of the East China Sea. People also go as far as drawing Dragons on their bodies as tattoos. Red dragons symbolize power, passion, and auspiciousness in Chinese culture. These colours carry different symbolic interpretations. In it, we learn of Glaurung, the first dragon, the father of all the dragons in Middle-Earth, bred by Morgoth in the iron prison of Angband. net, this creature shared many similarities with other unicorns, though it tends to be depicted as a heavy, bull-like creature. Dragons are also seen as protectors, so another meaning to this tattoo could be as a good luck or protective charm. 2 km from the residential area of Dalane. Here are some of the most famous dragon myths: In Chinese. Dragons in Chinese culture aren’t the fire-breathing monsters that appear in western legends. Jormungand (Old Norse myth) indicating 'Yggdrasil a giant tree'. Gong Gong has been credited in various mythological texts as being responsible for destructive floods. Germanic dragon. In most cases, they have represented on them a dragon alone, or a dragon and a tiger together, in order to attract the positive energies of these two mythological. The Chinese dragon has been around in mythology and folklore for about as long as there's been a Chinese civilization—which is centuries. Kiyohime – The Purity Princess. Ryoko (Japanese) is a female name that means 'dragon-like'. The legend likely originated in the 17th or 18th century. According to Choctaw legend, a mischievous black squirrel gnawing on the Sun is the cause of eclipses. Hyson – sounding like a cool boy name, Hyson is a type of. Whereas most dragons in European mythology are linked to the elements of fire and destruction, dragons in Korean mythology are primarily benevolent beings related to water and agriculture, often considered bringers of rain and clouds. Chinese Dragon plays a very important role in the Chinese culture as they are considered to be very powerful symbols and are also considered to be lucky. Gwangju News April 8, 2021. This dragon myth brings to mind the story of the phoenix. They are the lindworm, firedrake, black worm and the puk. 33. In many cultures, including Chinese and Japanese, the dragon is considered a symbol of power, strength, and good luck. The most well-known type is the lung dragon, whih is said to control the weather and the element of water. His name is said to mean "he who. Some myths say that the Marine turtle still lives in the Bohai Sea carrying Penglai, Fangzhang andf Yingzhou islands on his back. Variations in the symbolism of dragons can be found across different cultures. These groups adopted the dragon as a symbol in both a negative and positive light. The dragon brings good luck and prosperity as it is considered an auspicious creature. Dragon and Phoenix are the two of the most powerful symbols of success and prosperity in Chinese mythology. Ryu are seen as a symbol of profound blessing, wisdom, and strength — due to their ability to manipulate the elements for the benefit of the people. In Baltic and Slavic folklore and popular belief, a Kaukas is a creature associated with abundance and wealth, [1, 11] sometimes referred to as a fairy, [1, 2] spirit, [5, 6] or spirit-like being. You’ll see dragon motifs regularly in the country, on family crests and medieval artefacts – particularly ones found in Hungarian castles. The likely origin of most dragon myths, China’s love for dragons can be traced back for 5,000 to 7,000 years, possibly more. One of them is the dragon dance - a famous Vietnamese dragon art, which is a custom that comes. As per Chinese mythology, dreaming of water dragons brings luck, and rain for agriculture. Puff. A troll is a being in Nordic folklore, including Norse mythology. ”. One of the most well-known nautical legends is the ghost ship The Flying Dutchman. 1. But fukuryū has been mentioned as meaning “hidden dragon” or “crouching dragon” as well. In East Asian culture (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam), the red-crowned crane is a symbol of happiness. Inca mythology is the universe of legends and collective memory of the Inca civilization,. The Chinese zodiac story tells of the kindness of the dragon. It is depicted as a bird with colorful plumage, a crest on its head, and a long tail. Another name for the dragon is Owatatsumi no kami, which means “the great god of the sea” in English. For instance, in Western culture, dragons are often seen as malevolent, while in Eastern. This is not so with the Chinese. Ryujin. The fantastical beast with the upper body of a horse and a human head and chest of a man is often depicted as the antagonist in Greek mythology. Most of the symbols are its characters, such as the fu, lou, and shou, which are all connected to luck, wealth, and prosperity. Frogs may also symbolize renewal, growth, rain, natural cycles, healing or plague depending on context, use, religion, and culture. Modern Chinese people still consider dragon as a cultural, auspicious, good luck symbol. Dragons are among Chinese culture’s most common mythological creatures, and people have long cherished them as potent symbols of strength and fortune. As a majestic dragon or a ferocious royal warrior, the Dragon King is known for his temperamental nature and refusal to obey anyone but the Jade Emperor. Nowadays, the Pixiu is more often seen as small jade pendants hung from mirrors or worn as jewelry for good luck. good luck, long life, and marital bliss. To a warrior and fighter, a dragonfly tattoo represents agility, power, speed, victory, and courage. Firnen. The naturalistic interpretation is that positive and negative events may happen at any time. Top Dragon Movies of All Time. According to an ancient origin myth, the Vietnamese people are descended from a dragon and a fairy. Ryūjin or Watatsumi, was a legendary water god and a Japanese dragon in the universe of Japanese mythology. There are a several different types of German dragon. Japanese people view dragons differently than people in the West. Whісh Direction Shоuld A Drаgоn Fасе Fоr Gооd Luсk. It is a monster that has traditionally been popular throughout the country. The dragon is also one of the 12 Chinese zodiac animals. 4. Gong Gong (aka Kang Hui), a Chinese water god, is one of the frequently described characters in ancient Chinese mythology. In ancient Chinese legend and mythology, the horse-dragon, or Longma, is a mystical and majestic creature that was highly respected and revered as the omen of good luck. According to Japanese mythology, Ryūjin occupied a palace known as Ryūgū-jō under. Their chief had his abode in the middle. Another meaning of a Korean dragon tattoo is luck, providing the wearer with a good omen. Origin: Greek mythology. 50 for a total bet of between 0. Hebo, god of the Yellow River. Quetzalcoatl: from Aztec mythology has a dragon-like aspect. The dragon and phoenix are frequently portrayed together in Chinese art, particularly in traditional wedding ceremonies and decorations. The dragon kings of China lived in crystal palaces under the sea. Many people in different places pray to Yinglong. Polynesian Mythology. Dragons of the East. The Blue Dragon: Harmony and peace. You can notice how strong and intelligent they are. Like literally, the last line of the movie is a new. Drakon: Dragon Myth and Serpent Cult in the Greek and Roman Wolrds is the first substantial survey to be focally devoted to the "dragon" or the supernatural serpent, the drakon or draco, in Greek and Roman myth and religion. White Dragons. Only the emperor was considered to be worthy of having the dragon as their symbol. ; Astarot - the leading one. This bridge is located in central Switzerland, in the Schöllenen Gorge. In the Chinese culture, dragons are of different colours, including blue, green, red, black, white, yellow and golden. Yamato no Orochi, or just Orochi, is from Japanese mythology, primarily two ancient texts: Kojiki and Nihon Shoki. J. The Japanese dragon, also called ryū (龍) or tatsu (竜), is a snake-like creature without wings, contrary to the Western dragon. Watatsumi (海神) – The Sea God or King of the Sea. The myth tells of how the Jade Emperor, the very first of the Chinese. The Dullahan – the terrifying tale of the headless horseman. And so we have Falkor being the luckdragon in Fantastica. 6. On the other hand, some still believe that it represents a bad omen, mourning, and death. 4. In popular mythology it signifies power, excellence, goodness, perseverance, heroism, nobility and greatness. The more cheerful dragons in eastern mythology tend to be either looking upwards or “ascending” (towards the sky, the heavens, success, etc. Dangun. One of the Chinese Dragon’s most popular manifestations is the Nine-Dragon Wall, a spiritual wall with portraits of 9 dragons that adorn one of the walls in the imperial palaces and gardens. ”. Traditionally, a Chinese dragon symbolizes auspicious and. In mythology, frogs typically symbolize prosperity, good luck, purity, fertility, transformation, and potential. 89. Dragons = Transmutation. 2. From guarding treasures and battling heroes, to serving as symbols of strength and. The red dragon is the strongest symbol for good luck and prosperity in China, which is why it is used to. Pachuca (Hopi tribe origin) refers to 'a feathered water snake'. Ralishaz – Chaotic neutral god of ill luck and insanity. Oilliphéist – Irish Dragon If there ever were a dragon in Europe, it was probably the Oilliphéist (or where this myth comes from). The powerful creatures have been depicted in various forms throughout history. Dreaming of a Chinese dragon can symbolize good luck and fortune. Hence, it is also the symbolization of hope, life, and vitality. Being half bird and half dragon, they seldom appear in Chinese Mythology. It is a mythical creature from Japanese mythology and folklore. Dragons generally have serpent or reptilian characteristics,. Japanese Mythology: In Japan, the dragon is seen as a powerful symbol of strength and good luck. Cat and Rat were supposed to go together. a healthy-looking body. There are four types of dragons mentioned in German stories. Twins appear in the mythologies of many cultures around the world. ,” meaning “dragon insect,” probably because of the legend that it was once, in mythical times, a real, enormous dragon. The dragon is seen in Chinese festivals and celebrations as a sign of honor and good luck. The Chinese dragon, or 'Long', is a divine beast that embodies strength, good fortune, and the spirit of transformation. 1. Chinese and East Asian dragons can bring good luck, wealth, and peace. Explore dragons in traditional Chinese culture. In the beginning of time, there were two giant serpents named Nidhogg and Gríðr. Japanese dragon mythology originated in India where, before the birth of Buddhism, mystical creatures wearing snake crowns were already believed to exist. The Dragon symbolizes the man and the Phoenix symbolizes the woman. The dragon, in many cultures, is a symbol of power, strength, and good luck. Frogs can also symbolise bad luck, notably in urban legends. In Greek mythology, dragons were powerful and fearsome creatures that played a significant role in the tales and legends of ancient Greece. Chinese consider the lizard to be baby dragons, which are symbols of luck. Arguably the most recognizable creature in Japanese iconography is the Dragon. They have a great ability to control the water by summoning rain. The Chinese dragon is typically depicted as a long, serpentine creature with four legs, sharp claws, and a scaly body. Asian dragons West Asian dragons South Asian dragons Southeast Asian dragons Northeast Asian dragons Oceanian dragons This section needs. Draugen, from Norse “draugr” meaning ghost. One famous dragon in Egyptian myths is the story of Apep (or Apophis), who was the enemy of Ra, the. Many political books now include the word "dragon" in their titles, usually referring to the person or the area that the book focuses on. Nidhogg lived under Yggdrasil, which is considered to be the Tree of. In. . Drake (Old German origin) means 'a male with the power of the snake'. 10. ; Drakon - the Greek word for dragon. In China, there are several “Dragon Kings,” each with their own territory under their control. She belongs to a very wealthy family and was in charge of entertaining and providing lodging facilities to traveling priests. The dragon spirit animal is a powerful symbol of good luck, fortune and protection. From Dragons, Giants, Demons and Ghosts, to hybrid creatures such as the Sphinx, Minotaur, Centaurs, Manticores and Chimera. Widely used in Feng Shui, Chinese coins with lucky symbols are believed to attract financial luck. If a dragonfly hovered near the fisherman, he took it as a good luck sign. Azure Dragon, also named Qing Long or Cang Long, is the Symbol of the East in ancient Chinese Astrology, representing spring and wood in the Five Elements Theory . Photo by Jack B on Unsplash. Dragon. Draconic creatures appear in the art, literature. Top Win: 1380.